poliuretanomaterials [that is, high molecular polymers containing urethane groups and -NHCOO in the main chain of macromolecules] have developed rapidly since the industrial production was not released on the market in the 1950s. Compared with polymer rubber materials, it has its own unique characteristics. It can use different numbers of functional groups and different types of functional groups according to different performance requirements, and use different production processes to produce poliuretano products with different properties and properties.
Among rubber rubber types, there are poliuretano rubber varieties that can be cross-linked. There are also those that are not in the category of rubber, such as foam plastics, rigid plastic products, coatings, high resilience synthetic fibers, artificial leather, adhesives, and so on.
I materiali poliuretanici sono attualmente ampiamente utilizzati in vari campi. Ad esempio, nell'industria aerospaziale, i suoi prodotti rigidi, morbidi e in schiuma sono più leggeri dei materiali metallici, [molto importanti per gli aerei], e hanno un'elevata resilienza e non infiammabilità. , Isolamento ad alta resistenza, a bassissima temperatura, ecc., utilizzato per cofani di aerei, freni di velocità, radome, riempitori di serbatoi di carburante per aerei, boe per vaporizzatori di controllo del consumo di carburante, ecc., nonché vari telai di supporto e cuscini di seduta per la decorazione interna . Viene utilizzato per la conservazione del calore nell'industria dei trasporti.poliuretanoi materiali sono inseparabili dai materiali e dai cuscini dei sedili, dalla produzione di arredi per la casa e persino dai preservativi per adulti di fascia alta e dalle gomme. E il recente sviluppo e l'uso di prodotti per l'assorbimento degli urti e gli accessori di smorzamento per autoveicoli hanno attirato maggiore attenzione.
Although there are many types of poliuretano products, the classification of its products is nothing more than:
Flexible foam products, rigid products, and elastomers [thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanizable elastomers EU, AU]. The product molding equipment, such as mixing poliuretano rubber, is generally solid and can be vulcanized with sulfur, peroxide, and polyisocyanate. It can be designed according to the conventional rubber product production process and formula. If it is a thermoplastic elastomer, it can be injection or compression molding. If it is a plastic poliuretano, può essere prodotto con un metodo di fusione. Prendendo flessibilepoliuretano foam products as an example, the composition of the formula, the main reactants of which are polyether, polyester, or other polyols; and polyisocyanates. Others include water [chain extender], crosslinking agent, catalyst, foam stabilizer, external blowing agent, flame retardant, mold release agent, coloring agent, etc. The production process is generally two-component liquid reaction molding. That is to say, one group is that the polyol polymer and the isocyanate are mixed and reacted first, and then the above reactants are mixed with another group including water, blowing agent, stabilizer, catalyst, and various auxiliary agents to produce organic carbamate. At the same time, the reactants such as urea group use the reaction to generate carbon dioxide, release a large amount of heat, vaporize the added blowing agent, and then use the catalyst to adjust the foaming speed, and finally complete the product with uniform foam structure. At present, the automobile manufacturing industry has continuously improved safety, comfort, and durability, and has high requirements for durability in high-strength working conditions of shock-absorbing and damping elastomer parts. A new type of shock absorber made of poliuretano flexible foam has appeared in foreign markets. Its physical and mechanical properties and damping effect are slightly better than rubber damping accessories. The product requires a density of 0.08g 丿cm3, a material compression of 5%, a compressive strength of more than 7Kpa, the product works normally at -20-40 "degrees", the product's compression set is not more than 10%, and it has oil resistance. Under pressure impact, no fracture occurs. The production process is not special. The key lies in its main reaction material. Currently, BASF is monopolizing the production and supply. BASF also learns from DuPont's market supply principle of perfluoroether rubber, which is to sell only finished products, not raw materials. , In order to achieve the reduction of market competitors.
Questo nuovo tipo dipoliuretanole parti ammortizzanti per automobili in schiuma flessibile adottano un avanzato processo di stampaggio "one-step", ovvero tutti i componenti delle materie prime nella formulazione, come isocianato, polimero poliolo, estensore di catena, catalizzatore, stabilizzatore di schiuma e altri L'agente ausiliario viene misurato secondo la formula, con isocianato come componente separato, e vari agenti ausiliari come polimero poliolo, acqua, agente espandente ausiliario, estensore di catena, tensioattivo, catalizzatore, ecc. sono pre-preparati in un componente e quindi una volta Aggiungi nel serbatoio di reazione e successivamente aggiungere l'agente schiumogeno. Dopo agitazione e miscelazione ad alta velocità, viene eseguito il processo di reazione di schiumatura. Questo processo di produzione in un unico passaggio è particolarmente adatto per la lavorazione di accessori con forme complesse e piccole specifiche. Nel metodo di stampaggio, il liquido miscelato viene iniettato direttamente in uno stampo con una forma complicata e quindi schiumato nella cavità dello stampo per la formatura. Prodotti realizzati con questo metodo. Le specifiche e le dimensioni sono accurate e può essere utilizzato anche come intarsio metallico a seconda delle esigenze.
poliuretanoproducts are currently widely used and the market demand is also large. Although my country started late, it has developed rapidly. Its global market share has reached more than a quarter. It has become the world's largest manufacturing and consumer market for poliuretano products. However, there is still a gap between the key main reaction materials and the advanced foreign level, and the industry needs to work hard to innovate and develop.It is reported that retreading tires with poliuretano material as tread rubber has better wear resistance and environmental protection than natural rubber. This innovative research and development has opened up a new way for retreading. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the poliuretano industry will have more room for development.
